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Izinsimbi zezimoto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokushintsha nokukhiqiza okuphindayo

Kwadalwa ngo 08.11
Kungenzeka usadinge ukwenziwa kwensimbi yezimoto (automotive casting) noma ngabe uhlelo lokuphakela lwangempela lungasasebenzi.
Mhlawumbe ingxenye isasetshenziswa emkhiqizweni we-aftermarket noma wokufaka esikhundleni. Umphakeli wangempela kungenzeka angasayikhiqizi, inani elincane lokuyala (minimum order quantity) kungenzeka seliphezulu kunalokho okudingayo, noma isidingo esisele kungenzeka singasahambelani nohlelo lokukhiqiza olwalusetshenziswa ngenkathi ingxenye iqala ukwakhiwa.
Kungenzeka usuvele unomdwebo, isampula ekhona, noma imininingwane yakudala.
Ezimweni eziningi, inkinga akukhona ukuklama ingxenye entsha yemoto ngokuphelele. Inkinga ukuthola indlela esebenzayo yokugcina i-casting ekhona itholakala.
Ngakho umbuzo wokuqala akusikho nje ukuthi:
Ubani ongacaphuna le ngxenye?
Umbuzo owusizo kakhulu yilona:
Can this part be produced through a suitable casting and machining route, in quantities that make sense for the tooling and production involved?
Lokho ngokuvamile kuqala ngengxenye uqobo: ukuthi yenziwe ngani, isetshenziswa kanjani, yini edinga ukwenziwa ngomshini, iziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu nokuthi zingaki izingxenye ezidingekayo ngempela.

Yini Okwenza Lolu Hlobo Lwephrojekthi Lwehluke?

Amaphrojekthi okufaka esikhundleni nokukhiqiza kabusha ahlukile kumaphrojekthi amasha, anevolumu ephezulu kakhulu yezimoto.
Umklamo kungenzeka usuvele ukhona. Ingxenye kungenzeka isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi. Isidingo singahlala sizinzile, kodwa ngezinga elingasafanele ukuhleleka kokukhiqiza kwasekuqaleni.
Ikhasimende kungenzeka lifuna umthombo omusha ngoba umkhiqizi wangaphambilini wayeka ukukhiqiza, ngenxa yokuthi ubuncane bomthamo obudingekayo bungasasebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi kudingeka umthombo wesibili, noma nje ngoba umkhiqizo omdala usenemakethe.
La maphrojekthi angavela emikhiqizweni yangemva kwemakethe, ezingxenyeni zokushintsha, ezinhlelweni zezimoto ezindala, ezimotweni ezikhethekile, nakwezinye izinhlelo lapho ingxenye iqhubeka idingeka ngaphandle kokudinga uhlelo lokuhlinzeka izimoto ngobuningi.
Kuye ngomsebenzi, izingxenye zingafaka:
  • amagobolondo okusakaza (cast housings);
  • amakhava;
  • ama-bracket;
  • izindlu zokubeka ama-bearing;
  • izindlu ze-gearbox noma ze-transmission;
  • izingxenye ezihlobene ne-differential;
  • izingxenye zokufaka;
  • ezinye izingxenye zensimbi ezingokwezifiso ezenziwe ngemidwebo yekhasimende.
Igama lengxenye lodwa alinqumi ukuthi iphrojekthi ifaneleka yini.
Okubalulekile ukuthi ngabe impahla, ukwakheka, usayizi, inqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi, izidingo zokwenza ngomshini, inani kanye nezidingo zokuhlola kuhambelana yini nendlela yokukhiqiza esebenzayo.

Qala Ngalokho Osunakho

Iphrojekthi entsha yokuthola izinto ayiqali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngeqoqo eliphelele lemibhalo yobunjiniyela yamanje.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nomdwebo ophelele we-2D kanye nemodeli ye-3D. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nomdwebo omdala kanye nengxenye ekhona. Kwezinye izimo, indawo yokuqala ingaba isampula ebonakalayo, izithombe, incazelo endala noma ulwazi lokuthenga oluvela kumthengisi wangaphambilini.
Konke lokhu kungaba usizo ekubuyekezweni kokuqala.
Umsebenzi wokudweba ungabonisa ubukhulu, izidingo zezinto zokwakha kanye nezici ezenziwe ngomshini. Isampula ingasisiza siqonde isakhiwo sangempela sokumpontshelwa kanye nesimo sokuqeda. Ulwazi lokuthenga lwangaphambilini lungahlinzeka ngomongo owusizo mayelana nobuningi nobubanzi bokunikezwa.
Kodwa ingxenye ekhona akufanele nje ikopishwe ngaphandle kokubuyekeza.
Isampula selivele lingase libe nokugqokwa, ukwenziwa kwangaphambilini noma izinguquko ezenziwe phakathi neminyaka yokukhiqiza. Umdwebo omdala kungenzeka ungakhombisi ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezisemqoka. Ulwazi lwezinto noma izidingo zokwelashwa kwendawo nazo zingase zingaphelele.
Inhloso yokubuyekeza kokuqala ngakho-ke ilula:
qonda lokho esekwaziwa futhi ukhombe lokho okusadinga ukuqinisekiswa.
Ikhasimende akudingeki ukuthi libe nazo zonke izimpendulo ngaphambi kokuthintana nathi.
Kodwa izikhala ezibalulekile kufanele zikhonjwe kunokuba zigcwaliswe ngokuqagela.
Ukuhlolwa okukhona kokwenziwa kwezimoto, imodeli ye-CAD kanye nomdwebo wobunjiniyela okulungiselelwe ukubuyekezwa okusha kokuthola umthombo.

Okokuqala Nquma Ukuthi Umsebenzi Uyenzeka Yini

Ukuthola umdwebo akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi isilinganiso esiwusizo singalungiswa ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngentengo, okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi ingxenye iyafana yini nezinqubo zokuthulula nokwenza ezikhona.
Lokho ngokuvamile kusho ukubuyekeza amaphuzu afana nala:
  • okubalulekile;
  • isakhiwo sonke;
  • usayizi olinganiselwe nesisindo;
  • ubukhulu bodonga;
  • ubunkimbinkimbi bokuthululwa;
  • izinga lokucubungula;
  • izilinganiso ezibalulekile nokubekezelela;
  • isimo sokunikezwa esidingekayo;
  • inani elilindelekile;
  • izidingo zokuhlola noma zamadokhumenti.
Amanye amaphrojekthi angahambisana kahle nendlela evamile yokuthululwa ngokwezifiso.
Amanye angadinga inqubo ehlukile yokuthululwa, izinga lokukhiqiza, uhlelo lwekhwalithi, inqubo yokugunyaza noma izinga lokulawula ubuchwepheshe.
Uma iphrojekthi inezidingo ezithile zekhwalithi yezimoto noma zokugunyaza, lezo zidingo kufanele zicaciswe ekuqaleni ukuze zombili izinhlangothi zikwazi ukunquma ukuthi iphrojekthi ifanelekile yini ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi esingadingekile sichithwe.
I-quotation iwusizo kuphela uma kukhona indlela yokukhiqiza enengqondo ngemuva kwayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, sikhetha ukuqonda ingxenye kuqala kunokunikeza intengo esheshayo okungase kudingeke ishintshe kamuva ngenxa yokuthi kugejwe imfuneko ebalulekile.

Ubuningi Kufanele Bufane Nendlela Yokukhiqiza

Ubuningi bungomunye wemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kuphrojekthi yokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kodwa akukho ubuningi be-oda elilodwa elifanele ingxenye ngayinye.
Ukwenziwa ngokujwayelekile kuhilela amathuluzi, ukulungiselela ukukhiqiza kanye nokumiswa kwenqubo.
Uma kudingeka izicucu ezimbalwa kuphela kanye, ukwenziwa ngokujwayelekile kungase kungabi nomnotho ngoba izindleko zamathuluzi nokulungiselela zihlukaniswa ngezingxenye ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lwezimoto lungase ludinge umthamo wokukhiqiza ozinikele, imishini ezenzakalelayo kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zezimoto eziklanyelwe izinga elihlukile lokukhiqiza.
Izinhlelo eziningi zokushintsha nokuphinda zikhiqizwe ziba phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezimbili ezehlukene.
Iphrojekthi ingaqala ngenani elincane lamasampula, ilandelwe i-oda lokuhlola bese kuba namaqoqo aphindwayo uma ingxenye ivunyiwe.
Lawa maqoqo aphindwayo angaba ngamakhulu, izinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu kuye ngosayizi, isisindo, impahla, okuqukethwe kokucubungula nendlela yokukhiqiza yengxenye.
Ukusakaza okuncane nendawo enkulu ecutshungulwa kakhulu akukwazi ukwahlulelwa ngezinga elifanayo lenani.
Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inombolo eyodwa engagxiliwe kuyo yonke imibuzo, umbuzo osebenzayo kakhulu yilona:
Ingabe isidingo esilindelekile siyavumelana nokusakaza, inqubo yokusakaza nomsebenzi wokucubungula odingekayo kule ngxenye ethile?
Lokho yinto esivame ukuqala ukuyihlola ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza kwezobuchwepheshe kokuqala.

Ukusakaza Kuphela noma Ukusakaza Kanye Nokucubungula Kwe-CNC?

Amanye amakhasimende asevele enekhono lawo lokucubungula futhi adinga kuphela izinto ezingakasakazwa.
Abanye bakhetha ukuthola ingxenye eqediwe emshinini.
Zombili izinhlelo zingasebenza.
Uma kudingeka kuphela ukusakaza, umdwebo nokulinganisa kufanele kucacise isimo sokukhiqiza esidingekayo nokugcinwa kokusika.
Uma kudingeka nokwenziwa nge-CNC, ubudlelwano phakathi kokusakazwa nengxenye eqediwe buba bubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusakaza kudinga ukushiya okokusakaza okwanele lapho kudingeka khona ukusikwa. Izindawo zokubeka kufanele zibe nokusebenza. Izimbobo, ubuso bokufaka, izimbobo ezinemicu nezinye izici kufanele zikwazi ukufinyeleleka kusukela ekusakazweni kwangempela, hhayi kuphela kusukela kumodeli ye-CAD ekahle.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ingxenye ekhona itholakala kumthengisi omusha.
Uma indawo yokusakaza neyokusika zihlukene, inkinga ngezinye izikhathi ingaba phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili.
Insiza yokuthi itholakale ingamukeleka, kanti emuva kwalokho insiza yemishini ithola ukuthi isilinganiso sokugaya, indawo yereferensi noma indawo yezici kwenza ubukhulu bokugcina kube nzima ukufeza.
Ukuphatha ukuthululwa nokugaywa ngaphakathi kwezinga elilodwa lokukhiqiza akususi zonke izingozi zobuchwepheshe.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwezifiso okufanayo kuboniswa ngaphambi nangemva kokugawulwa nge-CNC ukuze kutholakale ingxenye yokushintsha imoto.
Kodwa kungavumela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-casting eluhlaza nengxenye eqediwe yemishini ukuba icatshangelwe kusenesikhathi, kuyilapho kunciphisa nenani labahlinzeki okudingeka ukuthi ikhasimende lihlanganise.
Kwamanye amaphrojekthi, lokho kwenza inqubo yokuthola uhlinzeki ibe lula.

Ukuphinda kwenziwe ingxenye ekhona akukona nje ukukopisha ukuma kwayo

Isampula ekhona ibalulekile, kodwa ukuma kwangaphandle kuphela akuchazi ingxenye yonke.
Ukwenziwa kokuphothulwa kungase futhi kuncike kokuthi:
  • ukucaciswa kwezinto zokusebenza;
  • isilinganiso sokwenziwa;
  • izikhundla zemigodi;
  • izindawo zokufaka;
  • amaphethini ezimbobo;
  • imicu;
  • ubudlelwano bedatha;
  • ukwelashwa kwendawo engaphezulu;
  • izidingo zokuhlola.
Eminye yale mininingwane ingase ingabonakali kalula kusampula ngokwayo.
Isibonelo, indlu ingase ibukeke ilula ngaphandle, kuyilapho ubudlelwano bendawo phakathi kwezimbobo ezimbili ezigayiwe yibo obon talokuthi ingxenye ihlangana kahle yini.
Isembozo singase sibe nezici ezimbalwa ezigayiwe, kodwa ubuso bokufaka kanye nephethini yezimbobo kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunobuningi bobuso obubonakalayo bokwenziwa.
Yingakho imidwebo ihlala ibalulekile uma itholakala.
Uma iphrojekthi iqala ikakhulukazi ngesampula, ulwazi oludingekayo lobuchwepheshe kufanele luqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe izinqumo zokwenza amathuluzi nokukhiqiza.
Inhloso akukhona ukwenza iphrojekthi yokufaka esikhundleni ibe nzima ngokungadingekile.
Kumane nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe futhi kuhlolwe ingxenye lucacile ngokwanele ukugwema izinkinga ezingavinjelwa kamuva.

Ama-oda aphindwayo adinga ulwazi oluzinzile

Isampula lokuqala eliyimpumelelo libalulekile, kodwa kumaphrojekthi okushintsha nokukhiqiza okuphindwayo, ikhasimende ngokuvamile lidinga ingxenye efanayo futhi.
I-oda elilandelayo lingafika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva. Ezinye izingxenye zingaqhubeka zithengwa ngamaqoqo iminyaka eminingana.
Lokho kwenza ukungaguquguquki kube kubalulekile.
Isisekelo sokukhiqiza sengxenye evunyiwe kufanele sihlale sicacile, okuhlanganisa lapho kufaneleka:
  • imidwebo evunyiwe;
  • izidingo zezinto zokusebenza;
  • amathuluzi;
  • izinsimbi zokubamba kanye nezindawo zokulinganisa;
  • ubukhulu obubalulekile;
  • izidingo zokuhlola;
  • ukubuyekezwa kwemidwebo;
  • izidingo zokupakisha noma zokuvikela.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umsebenzi udinga uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamadokhumenti ezimoto.
Kusho ukuthi ulwazi olusetshenzisiwe ukwenza ingxenye evunyiwe kufanele lusaqondakala lapho ku-odwa okulandelayo.
Lokhu kungabaluleka kakhulu emikhiqizweni emidala.
Umdwebo ungase ubuyekezwe ngemva kwe-oda lokuqala. Izidingo zempahla zingase zishintshe. Ubukhulu obebungathathwa njengobubalulekile bungase bube bubalulekile ngemva kwempendulo yokuhlanganisa.
Leyo zinguquko kufanele zibuyekezwe ngaphambi kweqembu elilandelayo kunokuba zithathwe njengemininingwane emincane ezozilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukukhiqiza okuphindwayo kulula lapho izinhlangothi zombili zazi ukuthi yini evunyiwe nokuthi yini eshintshile.
Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bezinto ezikhandiwe eziphindaphindiwe ukukhiqiza ukuze kutholakale ukunikezwa okungaguquki kwezingxenye zokushintsha izimoto.

Lokho Esingakusiza Ngakho Ngokoqobo

Uma sithola umbuzo wokwenziwa kwezingxenye zezimoto, umsebenzi wethu wokuqala akukhona ukuthi singakwazi ukukhiqiza zonke izingxenye zezimoto.
Umsebenzi wethu wokuqala ukuqonda iphrojekthi.
E-Unna Metal, sisebenza kakhulu ngokwenziwa kwensimbi ngokwezifiso (custom metal castings) nezingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini we-CNC ngokwemidwebo yamakhasimende, amasampula nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.
Ngokwenziwa kwensimbi yezimoto ekhona edinga umthombo omusha wokuphakela, singaqala ngokubuyekeza ulwazi olutholakalayo futhi sibheke imibuzo eminingana ephathekayo:
  • Ingabe impahla iyahambisana nezinqubo zokucasting esinazo?
  • Ingabe isakhiwo sengxenye siyafaneleka endleleni yokukhiqiza?
  • Ingabe inani elilindelekile liyavumelana namathuluzi adingekayo nokukhiqiza?
  • Ingabe kuyadingeka ukusikwa nge-CNC?
  • Ingabe le ngxenye ingakhiqizwa ngendlela efanele yokucasting nokusika, ngamanani anengqondo kumathuluzi nokukhiqiza okuhilelekile?
  • Ingabe kukhona ulwazi olwanele lokuthola isilinganiso esinengqondo?
  • Yini okusadingeka ukuthi icaciswe ngaphambi kokwenza amathuluzi noma ukukhiqiza?
Uma iphrojekthi ihambisana namandla ethu okukhiqiza, isinyathelo esilandelayo singaqhubekela ekucaphuneni, ekwenzeni amathuluzi, ekuthuthukiseni amasampula kanye nasekukhiqizeni okuphindwayo ngendlela efanele.
Uma imfuneko ebalulekile ingaphandle kwalokho esingakwenza ngempela, kungcono ukuthi lokho kuhlonzwe ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza.
Impendulo ewusizo ayilokhu iwutho ngokushesha.
Okubalulekile ukuthi ingxenye nomthengisi kuyafana yini ngokokusebenza.

Isinyathelo Esilandelayo Esisebenzayo

Uma usadinga ukuthi kwenziwe insimbi yemoto kodwa indlela yokuthola leyo ngxenye ingasasebenzi, akudingeki ukuthi uqale ngokulungisa iphakethe elisha lokuthola leyo ngxenye.
Qala ngalokho osunakho.
Lokho kungaba umdwebo, imodeli ye-3D, isampula ekhona, imininingwane yakudala, izidingo zempahla, ulwazi lokugaya noma inani elilinganiselwe lokuyala.
Kusukela lapho, singaqala ngokubuyekeza ukuthi ingxenye ifanele yini amandla ethu okwenza insimbi nokugaya nge-CNC, futhi sithole amaphuzu okudingeka aqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokucela intengo noma ukwenza ithuluzi.
Uma iphrojekthi ifaneleka ngokokusebenza, singaqhubeka kusukela lapho.
Uma kunesidingo esibalulekile esingahambisani nezinga lethu lokukhiqiza lamanje, kungcono ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zikwazi lokho ekuqaleni.
💡
Sithumele Umdwebo Wakho Noma Isampula
Xhumana
Shiya imininingwane yakho futhi sizokuthinta.
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